26 Sep 16 08:57, you wrote to Joe Delahaye:
HG>> So the gendarmes are probably military polices, or just soldiers.
JD>> Or perhaps the State Police. I believe there is a Gendarmerie (sp)
JD>> in France. Perhaps it is something like the British Bobby?
HG> I have always thought that an english Bobby is a patrolling police,
HG> creating a sense of safety in a neighbourhood, and helping citizens
HG> and tourists.
HG> Since nobody frenchspeaking person appears here, I think we will have
HG> to leave the question of what a french gendarm is or does, open.
since i'm the one that tossed the term out there, please allow me to post some
clarification of the term...
gen·darme
'ZHändärm/
noun
noun: gendarme; plural noun: gendarmes
1. an armed police officer in France and other French-speaking countries.
2. a member of a body of soldiers especially in France serving as an armed
police force for the maintenance of public order
3. police officer
4. a rock pinnacle on a mountain, occupying and blocking an arête.
Origin
mid 16th century (originally denoting a mounted officer in the French army):
French, from gens d'armes 'men of arms.' Sense 1 dates from the late 18th
century. back-formation from gensdarmes, plural of gent d'armes, literally,
armed people.
Synonyms
bobby [British], bull [slang], constable
=====
A gendarmerie or gendarmery is a military component with jurisdiction in civil
law enforcement. The term "gendarmerie" is derived from the medieval French
expression gens d'armees, which translates to "armed men".[1] In France and
most Francophone nations, the gendarmerie is the branch of the armed forces
responsible for internal security during wartime.[1] This concept was
introduced to several other Western European countries during the Napoleonic
conquests.[2] In the mid twentieth century, a number of former French mandates
or colonial possessions such as Syria and the Republic of the Congo adopted a
gendarmerie after independence.[3][4]
The growth and expansion of gendarmerie units worldwide has been linked to an
increasing reluctance by some governments to use military units typically
entrusted with external defense for combating internal threats.[1] A somewhat
related phenomenon has been the formation of paramilitary units which fall
under the authority of civilian police agencies. Since these are not strictly
military forces, however, they are not considered gendarmerie.[5]
Some of the more prominent modern gendarmerie organizations include the French
National Gendarmerie, Italian Carabinieri, and Spanish Civil Guard.[5]
[1] Lioe, Kim Eduard. Armed Forces in Law Enforcement Operations? - The German
and European Perspective (1989 ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp.
52-57. ISBN 978-3-642-15433-1.
[2] Emsley, Clive. Gendarmes and the State in Nineteenth-Century Europe (1999
ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 52-57. ISBN 978-0198207986.
[3] Deep, Daniel (2012). Occupying Syria Under the French Mandate: Insurgency,
Space and State Formation. Cambridge University Press. p. 204. ISBN
978-1-107-00006-3.
[4] Clark, John; Decalo, Samuel (2012). Historical Dictionary of Republic of
the Congo. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. pp. 44-49. ISBN 978-0-8108-7989-8.
[5] Kumar, Kuldeep. Police and Counterinsurgency: The Untold Story of Tripura's
COIN Campaign (2016 ed.). SAGE Publications India. pp. 90-94. ISBN
978-9351507475.
)\/(ark
Always Mount a Scratch Monkey
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... New York City founded 400 years ago. Question remains, WHY?
---
* Origin: (1:3634/12.73)
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