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The ARRL Letter
August 18, 2016
Editor: Rick Lindquist, WW1ME
* Amateur Radio Volunteers Respond to Louisiana Flooding Catastrophe
* ARRL Encourages Comprehensive Noise Floor Study
* The Doctor Will See You Now!
* National Parks on the Air Update
* Comments in FCC "Symbol Rate" Rule Making Proposal Due by October 11
* Come One, Come All: The ARRL Rookie Roundup RTTY is August 21!
* FEMA Teaming with Amateur Radio Clubs to Present Preparedness
Information
* Now Free of HAARP, US Air Force Still Wants to Tinker with the
Ionosphere
* BIRDS CubeSat Constellation to Launch in 2017
* Es'hailSat-2 Launch Reset for 2017
* RSGB "Deeply Disappointed" in Regulator's Attitude toward Amateur Radio
in 5 GHz Proceeding
* Annual IOTA DXpedition Morphs into Visit to Rare One -- Aves Island
* In Brief...
* The K7RA Solar Update
* Just Ahead in Radiosport
* Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions
Amateur Radio Volunteers Respond to Louisiana Flooding Catastrophe
Amateur Radio volunteers this week responded to help, after flooding of
historic proportions struck parts of Louisiana and Mississippi over the weekend
in the wake of torrential rainfall. States of emergency were declared in both
states, the federal government has declared Louisiana a major disaster area,
and the Louisiana Emergency Operations Center was at full activation. FEMA
Administrator Craig Fugate, KK4INZ, visited the stricken region on August 16.
Louisiana Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) activated, and Section
Emergency Coordinator Adam Tamplain, KD5LEH, put out a call for volunteers to
support communication at Red Cross shelters in the hard-hit Livingston Parish
and Baton Rouge area. On August 16, the Red Cross was still requesting shelter
operators. Although some residents were being allowed to return home at
mid-week, about 4000 people remain in shelters.
"While we have had an increase in response from the Southeastern area, it's
still not quite enough," Tamplain said on Tuesday. "Alabama ARES is attempting
to put together a team for us. We have seen support from Southwest Mississippi
as well. We had Operators at Red Cross New Orleans, Lafayette, and Baton Rouge
today." Tamplain said a dozen or so operators were staffing eight shelters;
nearly 30 remained open at mid-week. He asked additional volunteers to check in
at Red Cross Headquarters in Baton Rouge.
Red Cross Vice President of Disaster Services, Operations, and Logistics Brad
Kieserman called the Louisiana flooding the worst natural disaster to strike
the US since Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Area waterways have reached record flood
levels, affecting some 135,000 households and displacing thousands of
residents. More than a dozen have died. Roads, including parts of Interstates
10 and 12, had to be closed, and some highways remain impassable. Most
conventional telecommunication systems have remained operational.
"Significant river flooding persists this week across portions of southern
Louisiana," FEMA said in its August 18 Daily Operations Briefing. "Major
flooding will continue along portions of the Amite, Vermilion, Mermentau, and
Calcasieu rivers." FEMA said flood conditions were "likely to persist into next
week."
Noting the "desperate need" for ham radio volunteers in Louisiana, ARES
volunteers in Mississippi have been asked to provide assistance. Prospective
Mississippi should not self-deploy to Louisiana, but coordinate through
Mississippi Section Manager Malcolm Keown, W5XX.
Primary operating frequencies are 444.950 MHz (107.2 Hz), 146.940 MHz (107.2
Hz), and 146.790 MHz (107.2 Hz). Louisiana ARES HF Frequencies now designated
for use are 7.255 MHz and 3.873 MHz LSB. Digital operation is on 3.595 MHz.
These should be kept clear of non-emergency traffic.
ARRL Encourages Comprehensive Noise Floor Study
Anticipating an FCC Technological Advisory Council (TAC) investigation into
changes and trends in the radio spectrum noise floor, ARRL has asserted that
such a study is long overdue. In part, the study would determine if there is an
increasing noise problem. The FCC Office of Engineering and Technology (OET)
announced plans for the TAC study in mid-June and invited comments and answers
to questions that the TAC posed concerning the methodologies for such a study.
The League's comments also praised the TAC -- an advisory group to the FCC --
for tackling the issue and expressed the hope that the noise study might, for
the first time, provide a useful, objective basis for spectrum overlays and
other future allocation decisions. ARRL allowed that while a noise floor
problem exists, "The magnitude of this problem and the extent of it in the 21st
century is virtually unknown."
"The TAC and the leadership in this study initiative are to be congratulated
for finally undertaking what has been universally determined to be necessary
for well more than 2 decades," ARRL said. "The Commission should not have made
spectrum management decisions without this noise information, and it is
unfortunate that the initiative has been delayed this long."
The ARRL said League members could be of use in gathering data for the TAC
noise study, but advised that any urgency in initiating the study "be tempered
by the prerequisite need to develop a standardized and valid methodology for
conducting the study," in order to "obtain quantitative data regarding the
noise floor in various environments and trends over time," ARRL said.
ARRL said the focus of the TAC noise study "should be an accurate determination
of what noise levels exist in as wide a range of indoor and outdoor
environments as possible. It should, to the extent possible, determine what
types of noise are being found: Broadband, non-specific noise; broad noise
spectral peaks; broadband digital noise; and noise occurring on discrete
frequencies."
"We also hope that these comments will serve as a stimulus for the Commission
to re-evaluate its 'hands-off' policy with respect to the most recalcitrant and
unhelpful operators of incidental and unintentional radiators which are causing
long-term interference problems, such as electric utilities," ARRL concluded.
"The unwillingness of the Commission to issue meaningful sanctions has led to
the virtual absence of any incentive to comply with the Commission's Part 15
non-interference obligations."
ARRL pointed out that the TAC urged the Commission in 1998 to immediately
undertake a multi-part noise floor study and cautioned it against implementing
new spectrum management techniques or initiatives without first concluding one.
"Yet, 16 years later, no such study has been conducted," ARRL said.
"Because the Commission's resources are woefully inadequate to address RF noise
through widespread enforcement of Part 15 and Part 18 rules governing RF
emitters after the devices are deployed, the only reasonable means of dealing
with them is to enact and enforce, ex ante, appropriate rules for RF emitters
that are based on actual knowledge of the noise floor and trends over time,"
ARRL said. "The growing number of interference complaints indicates that any
increase in noise levels will result in harmful interference, so these rules
may need to require a decrease in the permitted
limits for emission, to balance the aggregate noise potential of a growing
number of noise emitting devices."
The Doctor Will See You Now!
"SWR" is the topic of the current (August 11) episode of the "ARRL The Doctor
is In" podcast. Listen...and learn!
Sponsored by DX Engineering, "ARRL The Doctor is In" is an informative
discussion of all things technical. Listen on your computer, tablet, or
smartphone -- whenever and wherever you like!
Every 2 weeks, your host, QST Editor in Chief Steve Ford, WB8IMY, and the
Doctor himself, Joel Hallas, W1ZR, will discuss a broad range of technical
topics. You can also e-mail your questions to doctor@arrl.org, and the Doctor
may answer them in a future podcast.
Enjoy "ARRL The Doctor is In" on Apple iTunes, or by using your iPhone or iPad
podcast app (just search for "ARRL The Doctor is In"). You can also listen
online at Blubrry, or at Stitcher (free registration required, or browse the
site as a guest) and through the free Stitcher app for iOS, Kindle, or Android
devices.
If you've never listened to a podcast before, download our beginner's guide.
Just ahead: "Software Defined Radio."
National Parks on the Air Update
The 100th anniversary of the National Park Service -- known as Founders Day --
is August 25. NPS units across the country have planned special activities on
that day. Many units also will include Amateur Radio and NPOTA activity during
all of next week. One of these will be Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National
Historical Park in Vermont, where some ARRL staffers will team up with members
of the West River Radio Club on Saturday, August 27, to help showcase the NPS
unit and Amateur Radio to the general public. Unless you're visiting an NPS
unit next week as part of the official Centennial celebration, stay close to
your radio and see how many NPOTA units you can work!
There are 39 Activations slated for the week of August 18-24, including Fort
Frederica National Monument in Georgia, and the Maggie L. Walker National
Historic Site in Virginia.
Details about these and other upcoming activations can be found on the NPOTA
Activations calendar.
Keep up with the latest NPOTA news on Facebook. Follow NPOTA on Twitter
(@ARRL_NPOTA).
Comments in FCC "Symbol Rate" Rule Making Proposal Due by October 11
The FCC will accept public comments in response to a July FCC Notice of
Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) in WT Docket 16-239 -- the "Symbol Rate" proceeding
-- until October 11. Reply comments -- ie, comments on comments already filed
-- are due by November 10. The NPRM now has been published in The Federal
Register, thus opening the respective 60-day and 30-day comment/reply comment
windows.
In response to a 2013 ARRL Petition for Rule Making (RM-11708), the FCC
proposed to revise the Amateur Service Part 97 rules to eliminate current baud
rate limitations for data emissions, consistent with ARRL's Petition, but it
declined to propose a bandwidth limitation for data emissions in the MF and HF
bands to replace the baud rate limitations.
ARRL had asked the FCC to change the Part 97 rules to delete the symbol rate
limits in Section 97.307(f) and replace them with a maximum bandwidth for data
emissions of 2.8 kHz on amateur frequencies below 29.7 MHz.
Interested parties may comment via the FCC's Electronic Comment Filing Service
(EFCS), as well as by mail.
Come One, Come All: The ARRL Rookie Roundup RTTY is August 21!
The ARRL Rookie Roundup is back, with the RTTY event set for Sunday, August 21,
1800 UTC through 2359 UTC. The Rookie Roundup is aimed at helping recently
licensed amateurs to build their HF operating skills. Specifically aimed at
those who are new to Amateur Radio, the Rookie Roundup brings the fun and
Elmering of the old Novice Roundup into the 21st century.
A Rookie is anyone first licensed during the current calendar year or during
the previous 2 calendar years, regardless of license class. If you were
licensed in 2014, 2015, or 2016, you may compete as a Rookie. Non-Rookies may
only work Rookies, while Rookies may work everybody.
Entry categories include Single Operator Rookie, Multioperator Rookie, and
Team. All Rookies are limited to a maximum of 100 W. Spotting assistance or
using call sign and frequency alerting systems is allowed, but self-spotting or
asking somebody to spot you is not. All Rookies must identify themselves as
Rookies. Rookie stations call "CQ RR" on RTTY.
The exchange is call sign, first name, two-digit number of the year first
licensed ("check"), and state, Canadian province, Mexican call area, or DX. For
example: N0AX de KB1QAW Carol 08 CT.
More information is on the ARRL Rookie Roundup web page.
FEMA Teaming with Amateur Radio Clubs to Present Preparedness Information
September is National Preparedness Month. As part of its focus on educating and
getting prepared, FEMA is offering a "Family Emergency Communications Plan,"
which helps families work out their communication strategies in the event of an
emergency. ARRL is partnering with FEMA to offer this material to interested
Amateur Radio clubs that are willing to present it in their localities during
National Preparedness Month.
While the FEMA presentation focuses on the Family Communications Plan and
doesn't specifically mention ham radio, the material offers Amateur Radio clubs
a great opportunity to raise their visibility in their communities.
A webinar with FEMA Region 1 Preparedness Liaison Sara Varela will take place
on Tuesday, August 23, at 8 PM EDT (Wednesday, August 24, at 0000 UTC), to
offer background and training for any club wishing to present FEMA's Family
Emergency Communications Plan material in September. Registration is requested.
Presentation of the FEMA material to local communities should take
approximately 1 hour. It will include a PowerPoint presentation and links to
worksheets that families can discuss and fill out together.
Clubs are free to offer additional presentations on their activities following
the program covering the FEMA material.
Now Free of HAARP, US Air Force Still Wants to Tinker with the Ionosphere
A lot of radio amateurs bemoaning the recent spate of poor HF conditions would
love to have a way to improve propagation -- perhaps without even having to
rely on the whims of the Sun. The US Department of Defense has been thinking
along the same lines. An August 9 article in New Scientist reports that the US
Air Force is exploring a plan to bombard Earth's upper atmosphere with ionized
gas dispersed from CubeSats. According to the New Scientist article by David
Hambling, the Air Force hopes to improve long-distance radio communication by
"detonating plasma bombs" in the upper atmosphere, and the military branch has
contracted with corporate and university researchers to figure out how to make
this a reality.
The US Air Force is no stranger to ionospheric tinkering, having just last year
transferred the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Project (HAARP) facility
to the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), which hopes to restart it next
year. HAARP's super-power RF in the high-frequency spectrum has been used to
stimulate the ionosphere and create a plasma cloud that could support HF radio
propagation; it also has been used to study how the ionosphere functions.
The trick with using CubeSats to disperse ionizing gas above Earth is coming up
with a plasma generator small enough to fit within a CubeSat, and controlling
how the plasma will disperse. New Scientist said General Sciences of Souderton,
Pennsylvania, and Enig Associates of Bethesda, Maryland, are working with
scientists at Drexel University and at the University of Maryland,
respectively, on separate methods to produce plasma.
The New Scientist article said the better approach will be selected for a
second phase, which will involve testing plasma generators in vacuum chambers
and exploratory space flights.
BIRDS CubeSat Constellation to Launch in 2017
AMSAT-UK reports that four CubeSats comprising the BIRDS (Joint Global
Multi-Nation Birds) constellation are set to deploy from the International
Space Station (ISS) in 2017. The 1U CubeSats -- BIRD-B, BIRD-J, BIRD-G, and
BIRD-M -- have identical designs, will use the same Amateur Radio frequencies,
and will be deployed as a group. The main mission of the 2-year project is to
use the constellation to carry out radio communication experiments via a
network of UHF/VHF Amateur Radio ground stations around the world.
Four faculty members -- including Yasuhiro Tokunaga, JG6YBW -- and 15 students
at Japan's Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech) are coordinating the
experiment, with participation from student engineering teams at universities
in Bangladesh, Ghana, Mongolia, Nigeria, Thailand, and Taiwan. Project
literature and news releases describe the BIRDS project as a five-satellite
constellation, but the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) reports
frequency coordination requests for only four.
The challenges will be to distinguish each CubeSat from its companion
spacecraft transmitting on the same frequency, hand over operation of a
satellite from one ground station to another, and assemble the satellite data
obtained at different ground stations.
Radio amateurs have been invited to join the network to assist in the data
downlink and reconstruction of patchy satellite data into meaningful data.
Orbit information and the operational plan of each satellite will be made
available to the Amateur Radio community, along with software to decode the
satellite data.
Es'hailSat-2 Launch Reset for 2017
The Es'hailSat Qatar Satellite Company has announced that the launch of
Es'hail-2, which will carry the first "Phase 4" geostationary Amateur Radio
transponder, has been shifted to the 3rd quarter of 2017. Es'hail-2 had been
scheduled to launch in December. Coverage of the Amateur Radio narrowband (NB)
and wideband (WB) transponders should extend from Brazil to Thailand.
Es'hail-2 will carry two P4 non-inverting Amateur Radio transponders operating
in the 2.4 GHz and 10.45 GHz bands. A 250-kHz bandwidth linear transponder is
intended for conventional analog operation, and an 8 MHz bandwidth transponder
is designed for experimental digital modulation schemes and DVB amateur
television.
For the X band (10 GHz) downlink, receiving stations will need anywhere from a
75 centimeter to an 89 centimeter dish. The narrowband transponder will be
vertically polarized, while the digital transponder will be horizontally
polarized.
For the S band (2.4 GHz) uplink, narrowband modes such as CW and SSB should be
able to access the satellite with a nominal power of 5 W into a 22.5 dBi
antenna (75 centimeter dish) with right-hand circular polarization. For the WB
uplink on S band, using such modes as DVB, a peak EIRP of 53 dBw (2.4 meter
dish and 100 W) will be needed, with RHCP. -- Thanks to AMSAT News Service via
AMSAT-UK, and AMSAT-DL
RSGB "Deeply Disappointed" in Regulator's Attitude toward Amateur Radio in 5
GHz Proceeding
In comments filed in July, the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) has told
telecommunications regulator Ofcom that it was "deeply disappointed" that it
failed to recognize Amateur Radio's innovational activity at 5 GHz and that it
did not engage the Amateur Radio community in its proceeding, Improving
Spectrum Access for Consumers in the 5 GHz Band. The proceeding (or
"consultation") proposes an expansion of the 5 GHz Wi-Fi bands that could
affect so-called "weak-signal" narrowband and moonbounce users as well as
satellite downlinks, while also inhibiting innovation of Amateur Radio mesh and
other data systems.
"Despite some unjustified UK-specific amateur licensing restrictions, the 5 GHz
band is home to a significant and growing amount of innovation which should be
allowed to prosper and not suffer from harmful interference," the RSGB said.
"[W]e are deeply disappointed that Ofcom has so far failed to recognize this
and that it would have been prudent to engage with us more fully, so that both
technical and impact assessments could have been far more accurate."
RSGB said it is "deeply opposed" as well to outdoor Wi-Fi usage in the
5730-5850 MHz band, where "most sensitive" Amateur Radio applications operate
-- 5760 MHz narrowband usage and 5840 MHz satellite downlinks.
The RSGB contended that Ofcom "has deliberately not contacted the most
innovative incumbents/stakeholders" prior to the formal consultation period,
and that as incumbents, "we have been blocked from contact during the
consultation." The RSGB said it expects Ofcom "to make amends and engage," and
that the regulator's research "is badly flawed and belittles incumbents."
AMSAT-UK also commented in the consultation, disputing Ofcom's assertions
regarding the altitude of Amateur Radio satellites and pointing out which ham
satellites are using the 5 GHz band.
Annual IOTA DXpedition Morphs into Visit to Rare One -- Aves Island
An unexpected invitation from the Venezuelan Navy gave rise to a DXpedition
later this month to Aves Island -- Isla de Aves -- currently number 17 on the
ClubLog DXCC Most Wanted List. The departure date for the YX0V Aves Island
DXpedition has been moved up by a few days. The team now will depart Caracas on
Saturday, August 27. The YX0V team will include 14 operators.
Members of the Asociación de Radioaficionados de Venezuela (ARV) and Grupo DX
Caracas received the surprise Navy invite while trying to organize their annual
Islands on the Air (IOTA) DXpedition to Los Monjes Island (SA-015). Aves Island
(NA-020) was last activated in 2007.
The group will be on the air for up to 10 days as YX0V, with the full support
of the Navy. Tiny Aves Island is situated west of the Leeward Islands. It's
only about 1200 feet long and some 150 feet wide. -- Thanks to The Daily DX for
some information
In Brief...
W4DXCC DX and Contest Convention Set for September: The 12th annual W4DXCC DX
and Contest Convention is set for Friday and Saturday, September 23-24, in
Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. The ARRL-approved operating specialty convention will
feature a "Ham Radio Bootcamp," which will cover the sorts of things every ham
should know -- kind of the Elmer you may not have had. The presentation
schedule is replete with DX and contest fare, including presentations on the
TX3X Chesterfield Island, K5P Palmyra Atoll, South Sandwich and South Georgia,
and Heard Island DXpeditions. Ward Silver, N0AX, will offer his contest
operating tips and tricks. There will be a banquet Saturday evening. W4DXCC is
sponsored by the SouthEastern DX and Contesting Organization (SEDCO).
Registration is now open. -- thanks to Dave Anderson, K4SV
PA3WEG Receives Louis Varney Cup: Amateur Radio satellite enthusiast and
hardware designer Wouter Weggelaar, PA3WEG, has been awarded the Louis Varney
Cup for Advances in Space Communications in recognition of his outstanding
technical contributions to several Amateur Radio satellites and associated
outreach. RSGB Board Chair Steve Hartley, G0FUW, made the presentation on July
31 at the AMSAT-UK International Space Colloquium in Guildford, England. The
award's namesake, Louis Varney, G5RV, was the inventor of the world-famous G5RV
antenna and an RSGB member for 74 years. He died in 2000. The award cited
Weggelaar's "enthusiasm, technical knowledge, and willingness to work for the
good of the Amateur Radio Satellite community around the world, together with
his commitment to STEM outreach." Weggelaar contributed to the Delfi and
FUNcube satellite projects. -- Thanks to AMSAT-UK
IARU Honors Hans van de Groenendaal, ZS6AKV: The International Amateur Radio
Union (IARU) has bestowed its President's Award on retired IARU Satellite
Advisor Hans van de Groenendaal, ZS6AKV. He was recognized for his many years
of service to the IARU and the contributions he has made to the association,
especially in the area of satellite frequency coordination. Van de Groenendaal
served as IARU Satellite Advisor from 1994 until earlier this year. He
established many of the Amateur Satellite frequency coordination procedures and
was a critical contributor to the IARU coordination process. Hans Blondeel
Timmerman, PB2T, was appointed in April to succeed van de Groenendaal as IARU
Satellite Advisor. -- Thanks to the South African Radio League News via AMSAT
News Service
The K7RA Solar Update
Tad Cook, K7RA, Seattle, reports: Conditions turned a little more favorable
since last week, with both solar flux and sunspot numbers up, and geomagnetic
indices substantially lower.
Average daily sunspot numbers for the August 11-17 period were 73.9, compared
to 52 for the previous 7 days. Average daily solar flux went from 87.9 to 89.2.
The average daily planetary A index dropped from 14.6 to 16.9, and the average
mid-latitude A index went from 13.7 to 7.4.
Predicted solar flux for the near term is 85 on August 18-19; 80 on August 20;
75 on August 21-22; 80 on August 23-24; 75 on August 25-September 1; 80 and 85
on September 2-3, and 90 on September 4-14. Solar flux then pulls back to 75
for September 18-28.
The predicted planetary A index is 8, 10, 14, 10, and 6 on August 18-22; 5 on
August 23-24; 8 on August 25; 5 on August 26-28; 15, 25, and 18 on August
29-31; 15 on September 1-2; 12 on September 3-4; and 15 on September 5-6. The
predicted planetary A index is 25 on September 26, indicating high geomagnetic
activity.
Sunspot numbers for August 11 through 17 were 82, 86, 73, 61, 70, 81, and 64,
with a mean of 73.9. The 10.7 centimeter flux was 94.7, 94.8, 90.5, 87.2, 87.6,
86.5, and 82.9, with a mean of 87.9. Estimated planetary A indices were 9, 11,
5, 4, 4, 6, and 9, with a mean of 14.6. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were
8, 11, 5, 4, 4, 8, and 12 with a mean of 13.7.
Send me your reports and observations.
____________________________________________________________________________
Just Ahead in Radiosport
* August 20-21 -- SARTG WW RTTY Contest
* August 20 -- Feld Hell Sprint
* August 20-21 -- North American QSO Party (SSB)
* August 20-21 -- ARRL 10 GHz and Up Contest (CW, phone, digital)
* August 20-21 -- Russian District Award Contest (CW, phone)
* August 20-21 -- Himalayan Contest (CW, phone)
* August 20-21 -- CVA DX Contest (CW)
* August 21 -- SARL HF Digital Contest
* August 21 -- ARRL Rookie Roundup (RTTY)
* August 22 -- Run for the Bacon QRP Contest (CW)
* August 24 -- SKCC Sprint (CW)
* August 25 -- RSGB 80 Meter Club Sprint (SSB)
See the ARRL Contest Calendar for more information. For in-depth reporting on
Amateur Radio contesting, subscribe to The ARRL Contest Update via your ARRL
member profile e-mail preferences.
____________________________________________________________________________
Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions
* August 19-21 -- West Virginia State Convention, Weston, West Virginia
* August 20-21 -- Southeastern Division Convention, Huntsville, Alabama
* August 21 -- Kansas State Convention, Salina, Kansas
* September 3-4 -- North Carolina State Convention, Shelby, North Carolina
* September 9-11 -- New England Division Convention, Boxborough,
Massachusetts
* September 10 -- Kentucky State Convention, Shepherdsville, Kentucky
* September 10 -- Virginia Section Convention, Virginia Beach, Virginia
* September 16-17 -- W9DXCC Convention, Schaumburg, Illinois
* September 16-18 -- ARRL/TAPR Digital Communications Conference, St
Petersburg, Florida
* September 17-18 -- Illinois State Convention, Peoria, Illinois
* September 23-24 -- W4DXCC Convention, Pigeon Forge, Tennessee
* September 24 -- San Joaquin Valley Section Convention, Modesto,
California
* September 24 -- North Dakota State Convention, West Fargo, North Dakota
* September 24 -- Washington State Convention, Spokane Valley, Washington
* October 7-8 -- Florida State Convention, Melbourne, Florida
* October 7-8 -- Pacific Northwest VHF Conference, Bend, Oregon
* October 13-15 -- Microwave Update Conference, St Louis, Missouri
* October 14-16 -- Pacific Division Convention, San Ramon, California
* October 16 -- Connecticut State Convention, Meriden, Connecticut
* October 21-22 -- Arizona State Convention, Maricopa, Arizona
* October 22 -- Wisconsin ARES/RACES Conference, Wisconsin Rapids,
Wisconsin
Find conventions and hamfests in your area.
____________________________________________________________________________
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)\/(ark
Always Mount a Scratch Monkey
... Do not attribute to malice what can be explained by ignorance.
---
* Origin: (1:3634/12.73)
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